What is known about the effects of vitamin D in neuropsychiatric lupus?

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect several organs and systems. The central and/or peripheral nervous system can suffer from complications known as neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Studies have associated the manifestations of SLE or NPSLE with vitamin D deficiency. It has been shown that hypovitaminosis D can lead to cognition deficits and cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with NPSLE. In this review article, we will address the main features related to vitamin D supplementation or serum vitamin D levels with neuropsychiatric manifestations, either in patients or in animal models of NPSLE.

Étude des facteurs associés à la supplémentation en vitamine A en routine à l'âge de six mois au centre de santé de Thiès en 2019-2020 (Sénégal) / NA

Introduction :La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une intervention à haut impact en matière de survie de l'enfant. Le Sénégal, conformément aux recommandations de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, préconise la SVA dès six mois et tous les six mois jusqu'à cinq ans. Cependant, les données sur le délai de la SVA sont limitées. L'objectif était d'identifier les facteurs associés à la SVA en temps voulu, c'est-à- dire juste à l'âge de six mois. Méthodes : Cette étude transversale a eu lieu à Thiès, une ville située à 70 km de Dakar, capitale sénégalaise. La population d'étude était constituée de 400 enfants âgés de 06 à 11 mois et vus lors des séances de vaccination de routine au centre de santé de référence du district sanitaire de Thiès. La collecte des données a eu lieu du 02 décembre 2019 au 21 janvier 2020 à l'aide d'un entretien individuel avec les mères et du carnet de santé mère-enfant. Le délai de SVA est déterminé en faisant la différence entre la date de naissance et la date où l'enfant a reçu la capsule de vitamine A. Une régression logistique a été réalisée de sorte à identifier les facteurs qui influent sur ce délai ; estimant l'odds ratio ajusté et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%). Résultats : Les enfants sont nés de mères âgées en moyenne de 27,08±6,34 ans. La proportion de ceux ayant reçu les capsules de vitamine A était de 97,24%. En revanche, seuls 59,28% avaient bénéficié de cette supplémentation en temps voulu, c'est-à-dire juste à l'âge de six mois. Les facteurs positivement associés à la SVA en temps voulu étaient la résidence en zone périurbaine (ORa= 3,81 ; IC95%=1,63 ­ 10,1 ; p-value=0,004), le statut maternel sans emploi (ORa=1,75 ; IC95% =11,12 ­ 2,75 ; p-value=0,015), l'âge maternel supérieur ou égal à 35 ans (ORa=2,94 ; IC95%=1,41 ­ 6,48 ; p-value=0,005), le sexe féminin (ORa=1,77 ; IC95%=1,15 ­ 2,74, p-value=0,009), la vaccination par le PENTA 3 juste à l'âge de 14 semaines (ORa=13,5 ; IC95%=2,67 ­ 247, p-value=0,012). Conclusion : La couverture en SVA à l'âge approprié est faible. Beaucoup d'enfants ont bénéficié de la SVA avec un retard ; ce qui les expose à la malnutrition. Les interventions de promotion de la SVA devraient inclure la distribution des suppléments de vitamine A à l'aide des visites à domicile dans la zone urbaine de Thiès, l'aménagement du temps de travail des femmes, la sensibilisation des jeunes mères, l'intégration desservices de vaccination et de supplémentation en vitamine A. Ces efforts de promotion devraient prendre en compte la dimension genre

The Need for Food Fortification With Zinc in India: Is There Evidence for This?

There has been recent advocacy for food fortification with zinc in India. However, there are three important conditions that should be established before fortifying food with any micronutrient, which requires that there should be i) Established high prevalence of biochemical or sub-clinical deficiency (?20%), ii) Low dietary intakes that increase the risk of deficiency, and iii) Evidence of efficacy of supplementation from clinical trials. For zinc, all three conditions are not satisfied. The prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations in Indian children is well below 20% (~6%), signifying that zinc deficiency is not a public health problem. There is no risk of dietary zinc inadequacy in Indian populations where intake has been measured. Finally, there is no robust evidence that zinc-fortified foods improve functional outcomes, even if the serum zinc concentration is increased. Thus, contemporary evidence does not justify the need for food fortification with zinc in India.

Association of hemoglobin level and packed cell volume with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of insulin resistance that develops in the second trimester of pregnancy. This type of diabetes ends after delivery. GDM poses serious health hazards to both the mother and the baby. Pathology behind this carbohydrate intolerance is insulin resistance. The previous studies have pointed out that this insulin resistance is due to oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Free radicals can be generated by iron. Since pregnancy is a condition where iron requirement rises, universal iron supplementation is given. According to the previous studies, excess iron can cause free-radical mediated injury leading on to diabetes. Supplementation of a prooxidant irrespective of body iron stores may be more harmful than beneficial. Hemoglobin and PCV are two hematological parameters that reflect body iron stores. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare hemoglobin and PCV values in pregnant woman with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was done in the obstetric department of a tertiary care center in south India from August 2010 to December 2010.The study included 85 cases and 85 controls. Cases were pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation with gestational diabetes who attended the obstetric OPD during the study period. GDM was diagnosed as per ADA guidelines. Controls were pregnant women at 24–28 weeks gestation without GDM as per ADA guidelines. Data for the study were collected using a preformed tested questionnaire. All subjects were provided with iron supplementation according to the national programme. Estimation of hemoglobin and PCV was done with 2 ml of blood sample obtained by venepuncture using an automated analyzer. The association of elevated hemoglobin and PCV with the risk of developing GDM was tested using Chi-square analysis. P ? 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Hemoglobin in cases and controls showed a significant difference by Chi-square analysis (P = 0.004). PCV in cases was significantly higher than in controls by Chi-square analysis (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The study found a statistically significant association between higher maternal hemoglobin level and PCV with GDM.

A Community-Based Trial on The Comparison of Efficacy, Safety and Cost Effectiveness of Ferrous Sulphate and Ferrous Ascorbate for Anaemia in Pregnancy In Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Anaemia has significant impact on health of the fetus as well as that of mother. Increased need of iron during pregnancy especially after 2nd trimester makes iron supplementation mandatory. Ferrous ascorbate is known to exist intact inside the gastrointestinal tract due to the stable chelation of iron with ascorbate. This compound does not dissociate due to any of the food inhibitors. The aim is to study the effec-tiveness of Ferrous Ascorbate and Ferrous sulphate in terms of compliance and cost effectiveness of manage-ment of anaemia in pregnancy. Methodology: Study design: Quasi Experimental study, Study area: District Vidisha, Study participants: Preg-nant women of first trimester registered during the study period in the selected Anganwadis/ Gram Arogya Kendra (GAK), Sample size: 240 antenatal mothers. Results: Baseline mean haemoglobin was 11.31±1.05 gm/dl. The mean increase in Ferrous Sulphate was 0.55 gm/dl, and in Ferrous ascorbate was 1.27 gm/dl. Ferrous Sulphate was less compliant than Ferrous ascorbate, and has higher efficacy and lesser side effects. Only Rs. 10.2 additional cost per antenatal mothers for increase of ≥1gm% in Hb will be borne by government if Ferrous Sulphate is replaced by Ferrous Ascorbate. Conclusions: Study results show statistically significant difference in rise of haemoglobin amongst the ante-natal mothers consuming Ferrous ascorbate over Ferrous Sulphate

The efficacy and safety of intravenous sucrose iron therapy for recurrent iron deficiency anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.

O impacto da suplementação proteica na manutenção de massa magra em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica / The impact of protein supplementation on the maintenance of lean mass in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Introdução: A obesidade é doença crônica que tem se tornado preocupação em saúde pública global. A cirurgia bariátrica é opção de tratamento eficaz para a obesidade mórbida, proporcionando a perda de peso e a melhora da qualidade de vida. No entanto, a perda de massa magra pós-operatória é preocupação importante. Objetivo: Estudo retrospectivo sobre o impacto da suplementação proteica com whey protein na perda de massa magra em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico. Método: Pacientes de 18-60 anos sem complicações foram acompanhados por pelo menos 6 meses e divididos em 2 grupos: um que recebeu suplementação proteica com whey protein (Grupo A, n=19) e outro de controle que não recebeu suplementação (Grupo B, n=13). Os dados demográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados e avaliação dos pacientes sobre qualidade de vida antes e depois da operação. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 38 anos. A perda média de massa magra foi de 34,67 kg. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na perda de massa magra ou total entre os grupos (p=0,121 e p=0,072, respectivamente). A qualidade de vida média antes foi de 3,06 pontos e após a operação de 8,13 pontos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de vida entre os grupos (p=0,018). O grupo que recebeu suplementação apresentou média de adesão às orientações dietéticas de 8,06 pontos, enquanto aquele sem com média de 6,14 pontos (p=0,045). Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a suplementação proteica não teve efeito significativo na perda de massa magra. No entanto, ela melhorou a adesão dos pacientes às orientações dietéticas pós-cirúrgicas e não afetou a qualidade de vida.

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that has become a global public health concern. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for morbid obesity, providing weight loss and improved quality of life. However, postoperative lean mass loss is an important concern. Objective: Retrospective study on the impact of protein supplementation with whey protein on the loss of lean body mass in patients undergoing gastric bypass. Method: Patients aged 18-60 years without complications were followed up for at two years and divided into 2 groups: one received protein supplementation with whey protein (Group A, n=19) and another, control group, that did not receive supplementation (Group B , n=13). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data were collected and patients' assessment of quality of life before and after the operation. Results: The mean age was 38 years. The average loss of lean mass was 34.67 kg. There was no statistically significant difference in lean or total mass loss between groups (p=0.121 and p=0.072, respectively). The average quality of life before was 3.06 points and after the operation, 8.13 points. There was a statistically significant difference in quality of life between groups (p=0.018). The group that received supplementation had an average adherence to dietary guidelines of 8.06 points, while the one without an average of 6.14 points (p=0.045). Conclusion: The results indicated that protein supplementation had no significant effect on lean mass loss. However, improved patients' adherence to post-surgical dietary guidelines and did not affect quality of life.

Suplementación con vitaminas, minerales y otros micronutrientes durante el embarazo

Introducción: La adecuada nutrición en el embarazo depende no solo de la correcta ingesta de alimentos, sino también de una apropiada administración de vitaminas, minerales y otros nutrientes en forma de suplementos. Objetivo: Describir aspectos relacionados sobre la suplementación con ácido fólico, hierro, yodo, calcio, vitamina B12 y omega-3, durante el embarazo. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática entre mayo de 2022 y marzo de 2023 sobre la suplementación con algunas vitaminas y minerales durante el embarazo. Se revisaron bases de datos electrónicas de literatura científica biomédica como: UpToDate, Science Direct, SciELO y PUBMED, LILACS. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos desde el 2016 hasta 2022. Los términos de búsqueda en las bases de datos fueron: suplementos "Vitaminas", "Micronutrientes", "Minerales", y "Embarazo", en inglés y en español. Resultados: Los requerimientos de vitaminas, minerales y diferentes nutrientes aumentan en el embarazo. Una apropiada alimentación y el consumo de micronutrientes en forma de suplementos son el soporte básico para un adecuado desarrollo de la madre y del feto; por otra parte, una nutrición adecuada reduce el riesgo de malformaciones congénitas, complicaciones obstétricas, fetales y perinatales. No todas las embarazadas necesitan la misma cantidad de suplementos, por lo que es necesario identificar aquellas con mayor riesgo de presentar alguna deficiencia. Conclusiones: La suplementación de vitaminas, minerales y otros micronutrientes durante el embarazo es muy importante para disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas y anomalías fetales y perinatales.

Introduction: Adequate nutrition in pregnancy depends not only on a healthy diet, but also on the most effective way of taking vitamins, minerals and other nutrient supplementation. Objective: To describe aspects related to supplementation with folic acid, iron, iodine, calcium, vitamin B12 and omega-3 in pregnancy. Method: A systematic review was conducted between May 2022 and March 2023, concerning supplementation intake of vitamins and minerals in pregnancy. Electronic databases of biomedical scientific literature were reviewed such as: UpToDate, Science Direct, SciELO and PUBMED, LILACS. Searching was on articles published from 2016 to 2022. The key terms for searching in databases were as follow: supplements "Vitamins", "Micronutrients", "Minerals", and "Pregnancy", in English and Spanish. Results: A vitamin, minerals and different nutrients intake requirements has increased in pregnancy. An appropriate diet and the consumption of micronutrients in the form of supplements are the basic support for an adequate health status of the mother and the development the fetus; on the other hand, an adequate nutrition reduces the risk of congenital malformations, obstetric, fetal and perinatal complications. Not all pregnant women need the same amount of supplements, so it is necessary to identify those with a highest risk of presenting deficiency. Conclusions: Supplementation of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients in pregnancy is very important to reduce the risk of obstetric complications and fetal or perinatal anomalies.

Introdução: a nutrição adequada durante a gravidez depende não só da ingestão correta de alimentos, mas também da administração adequada de vitaminas, minerais e outros nutrientes na forma de suplementos. Objetivo: descrever aspectos relacionados à suplementação com ácido fólico, ferro, iodo, cálcio, vitamina B12 e ômega 3, durante a gestação. Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática entre maio de 2022 e março de 2023 sobre a suplementação com algumas vitaminas e minerais durante a gravidez. Bases de dados eletrônicas de literatura científica biomédica como: UpToDate, Science Direct, SciELO e PUBMED, LILACS foram revisadas. A busca dos artigos foi realizada no período de 2016 a 2022. Os termos de busca nas bases de dados foram: suplementos "Vitamins", "Micronutrients", "Minerals" e "Pregnancy", nos idiomas inglês e espanhol. Resultados: as necessidades de vitaminas, minerais e diferentes nutrientes aumentam na gravidez. Uma dieta adequada e o consumo de micronutrientes na forma de suplementos são o suporte básico para um desenvolvimento adequado da mãe e do feto; por outro lado, uma nutrição adequada reduz o risco de malformações congênitas, complicações obstétricas, fetais e perinatais. Nem todas as gestantes precisam da mesma quantidade de suplementos, por isso é necessário identificar aquelas com maior risco de apresentar deficiência. Conclusões: a suplementação de vitaminas, minerais e outros micronutrientes durante a gravidez é muito importante para reduzir o risco de complicações obstétricas e anomalias fetais e perinatais.

A Systematic review of factors affecting compliance toward oral iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in India.

Background: Iron-folic acid deficiency is the most common complication during pregnancy. Iron deficiency is responsible for various health complications among pregnant women. Compliance with IFA supplementation is variable across India several factors are associated with compliance with IFA supplementation. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the factors affecting compliance toward oral iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in India. Methods: The primary search was carried out using PubMed, Google scholar, the WHO website, and Research Gate which provide access to full?text research articles from January 2012 to 25th January 2022 published data were searched. Result: A total of 74 studies were identified, and 20 were included in this review. Out of the 20 studies, sixteen were cross-sectional, two mixed methods, and two randomized control trials. knowledge of IFA, education, socioeconomic status, the timing of registration and number of antenatal visits, type of family, and age of the pregnant women were the factors that affect the compliance of IFA supplementation. Conclusion: Knowledge of iron-folic acid supplementation, Timing of registration and number of Antenatal Care visits, educational level of the pregnant women, and age of the pregnant women were factors associated with the compliance of IFA supplementation among pregnant women in India.

Suplementación efectiva de vitamina D en pacientes con fractura tibial / Effective vitamin D supplementation in patients with tibial fracture

OBJETIVOS Determinar la prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D, así como evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de un nuevo método de carga con colecalciferol en pacientes adultos con fractura de tibia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se reclutaron a 56 pacientes consecutivos con edades entre 18 y 65 años con fractura de tibia ingresados en nuestro hospital durante 1 año. Se determinó el nivel de 25-hidroxivitamina D ([25(OH)-D]) al ingreso y tras suplementación con 100.000 UI semanales de colecalciferol, durante 3 o 5 semanas, en casos de insuficiencia ([25(OH)-D] entre 20 ng/mL y 29,9 ng/mL) o deficiencia ([25(OH)-D] < 20 ng/mL), respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D, el porcentaje de normalización de [25(OH)-D], y los efectos adversos. RESULTADOS Se evaluaron 56 pacientes; 98,2% presentó hipovitaminosis D, y 28 (73,7%) y 10 (26,3%) presentaron déficit e insuficiencia, respectivamente. Tras la suplementación, 92,1% alcanzaron niveles [25(OH)-D] normales. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos. DISCUSIÓN La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en nuestra población fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura. Comprobamos que un esquema de suplementación en altas dosis de vitamina D es seguro, y más efectivo que los previamente recomendados. Este esquema de suplementación puede ser implementado en futuros estudios randomizados. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en pacientes adultos chilenos con fractura de tibia fue alta (98,2%). El esquema de suplementación con vitamina D propuesto fue efectivo y seguro.

OBJETIVOS Determinar la prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D, así como evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de un nuevo método de carga con colecalciferol en pacientes adultos con fractura de tibia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se reclutaron a 56 pacientes consecutivos con edades entre 18 y 65 años con fractura de tibia ingresados en nuestro hospital durante 1 año. Se determinó el nivel de 25-hidroxivitamina D ([25(OH)-D]) al ingreso y tras suplementación con 100.000 UI semanales de colecalciferol, durante 3 o 5 semanas, en casos de insuficiencia ([25(OH)-D] entre 20 ng/mL y 29,9 ng/mL) o deficiencia ([25(OH)-D] < 20 ng/mL), respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D, el porcentaje de normalización de [25(OH)-D], y los efectos adversos. RESULTADOS Se evaluaron 56 pacientes; 98,2% presentó hipovitaminosis D, y 28 (73,7%) y 10 (26,3%) presentaron déficit e insuficiencia, respectivamente. Tras la suplementación, 92,1% alcanzaron niveles [25(OH)-D] normales. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos. DISCUSIÓN La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en nuestra población fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura. Comprobamos que un esquema de suplementación en altas dosis de vitamina D es seguro, y más efectivo que los previamente recomendados. Este esquema de suplementación puede ser implementado en futuros estudios randomizados. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en pacientes adultos chilenos con fractura de tibia fue alta (98,2%). El esquema de suplementación con vitamina D propuesto fue efectivo y seguro.

Efeitos do ômega 3 na prevenção e tratamento da doença de Alzheimer / Effects of omega 3 in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

A doença de Alzheimer constitui o principal tipo de demência existente, sendo uma doença crônica neurodegenerativa decorrente de danos nas células do sistema nervoso, constituindo um distúrbio por deficiência progressiva de memória, linguagem, raciocínio e outras funções cognitivas. Na nutrição, diversos nutrientes específicos e seus efeitos vêm sendo estudados na Doença de Alzheimer, incluindo os ácidos graxos ômega 3. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura, sobre os efeitos do ômega 3 na prevenção e tratamento do Alzheimer. Para a busca dos artigos da presente revisão, foi utilizado a base de dados Medline, por meio do PubMed. A princípio, foram encontrados 669 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 11 após o processo de seleção. Os resultados mostraram que a suplementação de ômega 3 parece ter mais efeitos positivos (como melhora na memória e em sintomas depressivos e de agitação, menor declínio cognitivo, retardo na atrofia do hipocampo e diminuição da proteína beta amiloide no cérebro) em indivíduos com chances de desenvolver a doença de Alzheimer ou nos estágios iniciais da doença, do que em pacientes em estágios mais avançados.

Alzheimer's disease is the main type of existing dementia, it is a chronic neurodegenerative disease resulting from damage to the cells of the nervous system, constituting a disorder due to progressive impairment of memory, language, reasoning and other cognitive functions. In nutrition, several specific nutrients and their effects fueled in Alzheimer's Disease, including omega 3 fatty acids. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effects of omega 3 in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Medline database was used through PubMed search engine to search for articles to make up this review. At first, 669 articles were found and 11 were selected after the selection process and the results showed that omega 3 supplementation appears to have more positive effects (improvement in memory and in depressive and agitation symptoms, less cognitive decline, delayed hippocampal atrophy and decreased beta amyloid protein in the brain) in individuals with a chance of developing Alzheimer's disease or in the early stages of the disease than in patients in advanced stages.

NAD+ supplementation reverses the oxidative stress induced PARP1 signalling in D. Discoideum

Increased oxidative stress leads to cell death by inducing DNA damage, PARP activation and energy depletion in age related disorders which are a growing concern due to increased life expectancy. Indeed, cellular NAD+ levels, depletion of which is one of the consequences of overactive PARP, also decline with age. We previously showed rescue in oxidative stress induced paraptotic and necrotic cell death by PARP1 inhibition in D. discoideum. Inhibition of PARP1 activity prevented cellular depletion of its substrate NAD+. To understand the significance of NAD+ depletion in PARP1 mediated oxidative stress induced cell death, exogenous addition of NAD+ was done. Addition of NAD+ prevented PARP1 mediated oxidative stress induced cell death at low doses upto 10 mM NAD+, nevertheless led to an anticipated increase in PARP1 activity. NAD+ significantly prevented oxidative stress induced cell death in D. discoideum. Exogenous NAD+ averted depletion of cellular NAD+ and mitochondrial membrane potential changes that were triggered by oxidative stress, without getting affected by the elevated ROS levels. Altogether, this study ascertains that NAD+ replenishment overcomes cadmium or H2O2 induced cell death by preventing cellular energy collapse incited by PARP1 activation. Thus, our results explicitly demonstrate that PARP1 overactivation led NAD+ depletion but not PARP1 activity per se is of consequential significance in causing oxidative stress induced D. discoideum cell death. Moreover, NAD+ supplementation could be a beneficial approach in aging and age-related disorders mediated by PARP1

Prophylactic Oral Iron Therapy During Pregnancy

Background: Anemia is one of the most common medical disorder during pregnancy and one of the important cause of maternal death in the third world countries. A sufficient supply of iron is also required for the proper development of the fetus and newborn baby. During pregnancy, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Iron is essential for the development of the fetal brain and the newborn’s cognitive abilities. Pregnant women receive oral iron prophylaxis have better iron status and are less likely to develop IDA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic oral iron therapy in pregnant women in terms of rise of haemoglobin level.Material & Methods:The present study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to June 2021 with a sample size of 100 pregnant women. All the participants were non-anemic at the time of inclusion, and a proper follow-up was done. All the women were supplied with 60 mg dose of elemental iron prophylactic. During follow up haemoglobin level was measured and serum ferritin levelwas measured when anemia was found. The collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) for windows version 10.0.Results:During the first follow-up, 89% were found non-anemic, 9% were mildly anemic and 2% were moderately anemic. S ferritin levels of the 11 anemic participants showed that 36.30% had <15 ng/mL ferritin levels, and 63.64% had 15-150 ng/mL ferritin levels. During the second follow-up, 86% were non-anemic, 1% was severely anemic, 4% were moderately anemic and 9% were mildly anemic. S. ferritin level test showed that among the 14 anemic women, 35.72% had <15 ng/mL, 57.14% had 15-150 ng/mL, and 7.14% had >150 ng/mL serum ferritin levels. During third follow up at 34-36 weeks, 81% were non-anemic, 1% were moderately anemic, 8% had mild anemia. S. ferritin levels of 9anamic women showed that 3 women (33.33%)had <15 ng/mL and 6 women (66.67 %) had between 15-150 ng/mL.Conclusions:Pregnancy produces relatively high iron demand. Iron requirements cannot be met merely through dietary iron intake. Even prophylacyic 60 mg elemental iron giving may not be sufficient to prevent maternal anemia. Regular follow up and monitoring is essential during whole pregnancy for better management of the patients.

Análise Bioquímica e Biomarcadores de Lesão e Fadiga em Atletas de Vôlei Suplementadas com Bicarbonato de Sódio / Biochemical Analysis and Injury and Fatigue Biomarkers in Volleyball Athletes Supplemented with Sodium Bicarbonate

Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o potencial ergogênico e antifadiga da suplementação de bicarbonato em atletas de vôlei feminino durante sessão de treino de alta intensidade. Métodos: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado simples cego com 12 atletas profissionais de vôlei feminino, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: um controle e outro suplementado com 500ml de uma solução de bicarbonato de sódio 0,3-0,4mg/kg 90 minutos antes de um treinamento de alta intensidade, com duração de 60 minutos. Resultados: A análise estatística dos resultados mostra que houve diferença significativa entre o grupo suplementado e controle apenas na atividade da enzima creatina quinase (p=0,04) e na percepção subjetiva de esforço (p<0,001). Por outro lado, a atividade da enzima LDH e os níveis de glicose, lactato, proteína, albumina, triglicerídeos e TBARS não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). A PSE medida pela escala de Borg adaptada não passou de cinco (de uma escala de 0 a 10) em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: Apesar de o bicarbonato ser um reconhecido agente de prevenção de fadiga, lesão e com efeitos ergogênicos para sessões de treinos extenuantes, sua suplementação nas condições propostas não mostrou benefícios, demonstrando que o tipo de protocolo de treino aplicado não justifica sua suplementação e que seu uso deve ser utilizado com cautela em razão de seus contraefeitos gastrintestinais.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to analyze the ergogenic and antifatigue potential of bicarbonate supplementation in female volleyball athletes during a high intensity training session. Methods: A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 12 professional female volleyball athletes divided into two experimental groups: one control and the other supplemented with 500ml of 0.3-0.4mg / kg sodium bicarbonate solution 90 minutes before high-intensity training, lasting 60 minutes. Results: The statistical analysis of the results shows that there was a significant difference between the supplemented and the control group only in the activity of the enzyme creatine kinase (p = 0.04) and in the subjective perception of effort (p <0.001). On the other hand, the activity of the LDH enzyme and the levels of glucose, lactate, protein, albumin, triglycerides and TBARS did not present significant differences between the two groups (p> 0.05). The PSE measured by the adapted Borg scale did not exceed five (from a scale of 0 to 10) in any of the groups. Conclusion: Although bicarbonate is a recognized fatigue and injury prevention agent with ergogenic effects for strenuous training sessions, its supplementation under the proposed conditions did not show any benefits, demonstrating that the type of training protocol applied does not justify its supplementation and that its use should be used with caution because of its gastrointestinal counter-effects.

Conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e consumo de suplementos por praticantes de musculação em uma rede de academias / Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Consumption by Resistance Training Practitioners at a Gym Chain

Conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e consumo de suplementos por praticantes de musculação em uma rede de academiasARTIGO ORIGINALErivan de Olivindo Cavalcante1, Maria Rosimar Teixeira Matos2Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar os conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e o consumo de suplementos alimentares entre praticantes de musculação de uma rede de academias. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 168 praticantes de musculação em três unidades de uma rede de academias de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Foram avaliados os conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e o consumo de suplementos através de um questionário estruturado, abordando os dados de identificação, informações sobre a prática de musculação e sobre a utilização de suplementos e questões objetivas acerca dos conhecimentos de nutrição para o esporte, sendo esses posteriormente classificados em baixo, moderado e alto, de acordo com pontuação obtida. A análise estatística foi realizada pela construção de frequências simples e relativas, médias e desvio-padrão, assim como por medidas de correlação, com significância fixada em 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que quase metade dos praticantes referiu o consumo de suplementos alimentares. Dentre os suplementos mais consumidos, destacaram-se os proteicos, estando o consumo independente de gênero, tempo de prática de musculação e conhecimentos em nutrição (p<0,05). A maioria dos indivíduos mostrou conhecimento moderado em nutrição, entretanto, observou-se dificuldade em associar os nutrientes com suas funções e suas utilizações para o esporte, principalmente quanto ao manejo proteico. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo revelaram uma supervalorização do consumo proteico no âmbito da musculação, predispondo à adoção de práticas alimentares e de suplementação inadequadas. Faz-se necessária, assim, a elaboração e efetivação de ações de educação e assistência nutricional voltadas a esse público. (AU)

Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge on sports nutrition and dietary supplements consumption among resistance-training practitioners at a gym chain. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out among 168 resistance-training practitioners in three units of a gym chain in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The participants' sports nutrition and supplement consumption knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire that addressed: identification data, information on training and supplement use, and objective questions on sports nutrition awareness, classifying the results as low, moderate and high, accordingly to the obtained scores. Statistical analysis was performed by simple and relative frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and correlation, with significance set as 5%. Results: It was observed that half of the respondents mentioned the consumption of dietary supplements. Among the most consumed, protein-based supplements were prominent, with consumption independent of gender, years of resistance training, and nutrition awareness (p<0.05). Most participants showed moderate nutrition knowledge, despite a perceivable difficulty in associating nutrients to their functions and sport-related uses, especially protein handling. Conclusion: These findings show an overvaluation of protein intake in the context of resistance training, which may lead to the adoption of inadequate dietary and supplementation practices. It is thus necessary to develop and implement education and nutrition assistance actions targeting this public (AU)

Serum Magnesium Levels in Children With and Without Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To study the association between serum magnesium level and migraine in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled children aged 5–18 years diagnosed with migraine, and age- and sex-matched controls without a headache disorder. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3) was used for the diagnosis of migraine. The association between serum magnesium level and migraine headache was analyzed. Results: A total of 35 children with migraine were enrolled with 35 control subjects. The median (IQR) serum magnesium levels were comparable among children with migraine and controls [2.0 (2.0,2.1) vs 2.2 (1.9, 2.2) mg/dL; P=0.23], respectively. In adolescent subgroup, median (IQR) serum magnesium levels were significantly low among the children with migraine as compared to those without migraine [2.0 (1.9, 2.1) vs 2.2 (2.0, 2.2 mg/dL); P<0.045]. Conclusion: We found a statistically significant association between low serum magnesium levels and the occurrence of migraine in adolescents, which may have treatment implications.

Dietary diversity as a sustainable approach towards micronutrient Deficiencies in India

The silent epidemic of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) continues to be a major public health challenge in the developing world, including India. The prevalence of iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A and folate deficiencies is alarmingly high worldwide. India is additionally facing a high prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiencies. To combat the hidden epidemic of MNDs, various governments around the world have mostly relied on supplementation or fortification-based interventions. India launched salt iodization programme in 1962 and vitamin A and iron-folate supplementation programmes in 1970. Yet, even after decades of these programmes, MNDs are still widespread in the country. Due to slow progress in alleviating the burden of most MNDs, the Government of India aims to scale up fortification-based intervention programmes. However, there are safety and effectiveness concerns with such approaches. Hence, overdependence on supplementation and fortification alone may be counterproductive. Instead, food based dietary diversification approach can be the way forward. In this article, we list the common MNDs in India, evaluate major policy interventions, discuss concerns pertaining to fortification and suggest the need for a concurrent food-based approach, in particular dietary diversification, as a long-term and sustainable strategy to address population-based MNDs.

Suplementación prenatal con omega 3 y su efecto en complicaciones durante el embarazo / Effect of prenatal omega 3 supplementation on pregnancy outcomes

Durante los últimos años se ha incentivado la suplementación con omega 3 durante el embarazo principalmente debido a la evidencia que mostraría beneficios en el desarrollo neuronal y visual del hijo en gestación, y a la prevención de patologías obstétricas asociadas a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad perinatal. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) omega 3, específicamente el ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias, vasodilatadoras, además de propiedades anti-agregantes, las cuales han estimulado el uso de PUFAs en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión detallamos los efectos de la suplementación con omega 3 en diferentes aspectos del embarazo tales como la prevención del parto prematuro, preeclampsia, depresión post-parto y mejora del metabolismo durante la diabetes gestacional. Si bien existen diversos ensayos clínicos randomizados que estudian la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación, la evidencia sigue siendo no concluyente, debido a la variabilidad de las dosis y tiempo de administración. Ciertamente, un mayor número de estudios de calidad son necesarios para determinar el real impacto de la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación en la prevención de patologías obstétricas(AU)

During pregnancy, omega 3 supplementation has raised its popularity due to evidence that it would show not only benefits in the neural and visual development of the unborn child, but also in the prevention of obstetrical pathologies associated with of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), possess anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and anti-aggregating properties, which have led to the use of PUFAs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we detail the effects of omega 3 supplementation on different aspects of pregnancy such as prevention of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, postpartum depression, and improved metabolism during gestational diabetes. Although there are several randomized clinical trials using omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy, the evidence remains inconclusive, due to variability in dosage and administration time. Certainly, a greater number of high-quality studies including randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the impact of omega 3 supplementation during pregnancy in the prevention of obstetric pathologies(AU)

Is arginine supplementation effective in preventing preeclampsia in pregnant women / A suplementação de arginina é efetiva em prevenir pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes?

Objectives: The objective of this study was to review data from randomized controlled trials to assess whether or not the supplementation of L-Arginine (L-Arg) is effective in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancies at risk of developing the disorder. Methods: We aimed to systematic review randomized controlled trials, including those which compared L-Arg supplementation with placebo in pregnant women at high risk of PE development, analyzing PE incidence as the main outcome. Data were collected from MEDLINE/ Pubmed, EMBASE/ Elsevier, LILACS/ BVS and Cochrane. Results: A total of 46 papers were identified in the primary search. After analysis of eligibility, inclusion and exclusion criteria, two articles (which respected in detail all the stages of evaluation) were included in the present review. A risk of bias assessment was performed. Data analysis revealed that the incidence of PE was significantly lower in both studies, and no major adverse effects were reported. The limitations of this study were the lack of standardization between the trials analyzed and the relative low number of studies included. Conclusions: The supplementation with L-Arg appears to reduce the incidence of PE in pregnant women with high risk for its developmen (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar dados de ensaios clínicos randomizados para avaliar se a suplementação de L-Arginina é efetiva para reduzir a incidência de pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes com alto risco de desenvolver a doença. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, incluindo aqueles que compararam a suplementação de L-Arginina com placebo em gestantes de alto risco de desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia, analisando a incidência de pré-eclâmpsia como desfecho principal. Os estudos foram selecionados do MEDLINE/ Pubmed, EMBASE/ Elsevier, LILACS/ BVS e Cochrane. Resultados: Um total de 46 estudos foram identificados na busca primária. Após análise da elegibilidade, dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, dois artigos (que respeitaram em detalhes todas etapas de avaliação) foram incluídos na presente revisão. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco de viés. A análise dos dados revelou que a incidência de pré-eclâmpsia foi significativamente menor em ambos os estudos, e nenhum efeito adverso importante foi relatado. As limitações deste estudo foram a falta de padronização entre os ensaios clínicos analisados e o número relativamente baixo de estudos incluídos. Conclusão: A suplementação com L-Arginina parece reduzir a incidência de pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes de alto risco para seu desenvolvimento (AU)

Socio-Demographic and Obstetrical Factors Influencing Consumption of Iron and Calcium Supplement In A Rural Community

Background: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy has a proven potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes, in particular by decreasing the risk of developing hypertensive disorders during gestation. Objective: to evaluate various factors influencing the consumption of iron folic acid and calcium tablets supplementation during pregnancy. Methodology: A community based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women in the rural field practice area of Jhalawar. Data were collected by house to house visit and analysed using chi-square test. Results: Only 55.5% pregnant women have taken IFA tablets while 23.5% women have taken tablets of calcium during their pregnancy. IFA consumption were significantly associated with level of education of women and their husband, socio-economic class, type of family, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits and mass media exposure Calcium consumption were also associated with level of education of women, socio-economic class, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits. Conclusions: Consumption of IFA tablets was higher than the national level however calcium consumption was low. Emphasis should be given on early registration, multiple ANC visits, role of family and husband in caring of mother during pregnancy to improve consumptions of IFA and Calcium supplements.